Tuesday, 1 April 2014

Week 12 Formal Blog: Summarise and Reflect On Your Own Significant Learning From This Module

Prior to this module I held negative preconceived thoughts on the entire subject of ICT which mainly stemmed from my own negative experiences in secondary school. This may seem surprising as Palfrey and Gasser (2008) claim that children in current society, and teenagers alike, are born as digital natives due to schooling incorporating ICT lessons. Correspondingly, Byron (2008) states that the majority of the population of children, teenagers and young adults interact with online social networking sites and a large amount of these children have access to laptops, tablets, iPad’s and other technological devices at home. Interestingly, Byron (2008) stipulates that the parents interviewed believed that having access to these devices enhanced childrens development in other areas and allowed them to complete their homework tasks to a high standard. As a result of the modules engagement, and extensive reading from key authors in the field, my eyes have been opened to the benefits of ICT in the classroom. The module has improved both my attitudes and confidence in ICT.

My future role as an English subject leader will, of course, highlight the importance of traditional literacy as Dean (2010) raises parental concerns over children still being taught traditional methods of Literacy. This was also illustrated in my survey from week 1 highlighted parents’ concerns towards their children being taught about popular culture; the survey entailed parents opinions towards teachers using technology to teach Literacy and every parent stated that whilst they can understand the importance of it they also believe that childrens should ‘stick to pen and paper’ and be taught traditional methods of Literacy because they watch telly and engage in technology enough at home. This relates to Lambirth (2003) study into why many teachers and parents do not favour technology in the classroom. Despite this however, as an English subject leader I will also stress the importance of the role of ICT in the primary classroom and how teachers can use it in simple ways to make English lessons interactive by using a range of technology and media. This was effectively demonstrated in a visit to a school where children created a ‘talking book’ on Book Creator, on iPad’s, to inform an audience about Children’s Rights. This lesson used digital literacy and the children were deeply engaged and had fun developing vital ICT skills. As Dean (2010) stipulates children need to become digitally literate to function in current society.

Potter and Darbyshire (2005) state that ICT teaching in the primary school can have two different purposes; ICT lessons can be cross-curricular to develop and enhance another subject as well as being used to develop ICT skills. Potter and Darbyshire (2005) stipulate that the latter of the two requires the children to hold a certain level of ICT skills to access the learning. This relates to the shift in the new National Curriculum (DfE, 2013) which declares that children need to access a variety of technology to develop their ICT skills in a cross-curricular manner. In relation to this, Medwell, Moore, Wray and Griffiths (2012) claim that childrens ICT skills are best developed when teachers integrate them into other areas of the curriculum. In light of this, I will ensure I integrate ICT teaching into the other areas of the curriculum to promote the use of ICT skills in everyday life. As well as this, I will often use a variety of media and apps to create digital books and stories to promote both Literacy and ICT. Interestingly, the module has entirely changed my stance on the teaching of ICT and I now welcome it openly.

Bibliography:
Byron, T. (2008). Safer children in a digital world: the report of the Byron Review: be safe, be aware, have fun. [Online] Available athttp://dera.ioe.ac.uk/7332/1/Final%20Report%20Bookmarked.pdf. (Accessed 06/03/2014)

Dean, G. ‘Rethinking Literacy’ in Bazalgette, C. (ed) (2010) Teaching Media in Primary Classrooms London: SAGE.

Department for Education (2013) Primary National Curriculum. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-primary-curriculum [Accessed 17/1/2014].

Duffy, J. (2006) Extending Knowledge in Practice: Primary ICT. Exeter: Learning Matters LTD

Lambirth, A. (2003) ‘”They get enough of that at home”: Understanding aversion to popular cultures in schools’ Reading 37(1) pp.9-13 (pdf on LN)

Medwell, J., Wray, D., Minns, H., Coates, E., & Griffiths, V. (2012) Primary English Teaching Theory and Practice (6th Edition). London: Learning Matters

Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008) Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. New   York: Basic Books

Potter, F., & Darbyshire, C. (2005) Understanding and Teaching the ICT National Curriculum. London: David Fulton LTD

Stafford, T. (2011) Teaching Visual Literacy in the Primary Classroom Abingdon: Routledge

Wyse, D. & Jones, R. (2008) Teaching English, Language and Literacy Second Edition. Abingdon: Routledge

Week 12: Final School visit and a reflection of learning

Week 12
 Final School visit and a reflection of learning
 Areas where I believe I have developed as a trainee teacher:
  • Greater awareness of cross curricular links and hidden curriculum.
  • Assessment of digital literacy.
  • Adapting to positive changes.
  • Confidence with using ICT in the classroom
     
The argument that new technologies and the use of multimedia have an impact on childrens learning, despite not being seen explicitly, has been significant in my development on this module. It is evident that children will inevitably bring their knowledge as a digital native into the classroom. Reflecting upon my session in school has also contributed towards the clarification of the notion. For instance children had created a talking book using various aspects of ICT including advanced technologies and applications; they are also using speaking and listening skills, story language in sound bites on the interactive page, etc. It seems as though the children were learning without even realising it. Petty (2009) highlights that skills are transferable and ‘what the learner does is more important than what the teacher does’ (pp14). The notion of such inadvertent teaching can also be understood in terms of a ‘hidden curriculum’ (Petty, 2009:21). Overall the module has enabled me to see from both theory and practice, that the combination of ICT and English are complementary of each other.

Furthermore, the Computing Progress Tracker, given to us today by the year 1 teacher (See Figure 2.), allows the teacher to place pupils’ names within the three separate areas depending on their level of ICT skills. As part of the session today we had the opportunity to assess pupils’ skills in relation to the work they achieved in the previous session. In hindsight I would have looked the 2014 National curriculum, as well as the APP for speaking and listening prior to the session. This would perhaps have enhanced the focus of the learning objective. However I will use this format as a form of assessment on future practices, and tick off where a pupil is at the moment in their development, what the next steps could be, and how I would endeavor to enable the pupil to progress. The APP grid seen in Figure 2. illstrates my stance on a child's performance in the previous session, where the circled items represent their next steps (2010). If I were to plan another session for this child I would focus on the Assessment Focus 1, trying to elicit their ideas through questioning and allowing them to review, assess and restructure their work.

Additionally, Leu (2000) emphasises that ‘the literacy of yesterday is not the literacy of today, and it will not be the literacy of tomorrow’ (pp744). Leu and Kinzer (2000: 117) also say ‘envisionments take place when teachers, children, and others imagine new possibilities for literacy and learning, transform existing technologies to construct this vision, and then share their work with others’. Subsequently envisonments can’t take place if the teacher hasn’t adapted to the literacy of today and lacks ‘confidence in their own abilities to use digital text’’ (Turbill’s 2001 cited in Turbill, 2003:8). Proir to this module, I lacked confidence in my ability in ICT however I have witnessed the extent to which digital literacy is benefical in the classroom; which has altered my perception. Marsh and Bearne identify endless positive outcomes as a result of digital literacy in the classroom. Including how it tends to encourage pupil motivation, a more sophisticated use of language, extended discourse between pupils and more importantly in encourages pupils to take risks in order to bring their ideas/ writing alive (Marsh and Bearne, 2008: 22-8). In conclusion, first-hand experience and a greater understanding behind the theories of digital literacy have eliminated my fear of using ICT throughout the curriculum. I now hope my enthusiasm to use ICT to extend English teaching and learning is evident and will continue throughout my career as a teacher.  

 
Department for Education (2013) National curriculum in England. Key stages 1 and 2: DfE [online] https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/239132/PRIMARY_national_curriculum_-_Science.pdf (Accessed 01.04.14)

Leu, D. (2000) Literacy and technology: Deictic consequences for literacy education

in an information age. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, P. Pearson & R. Barr, (Eds.),

Handbook of reading research: Volume 3. pp. 743-770. Mahwah, NJ: L.Erlbaum Associates.
 

Leu, D., & Kinzer, C. (2000) The convergence of literacy instruction with networked

technologies for information and communication. Vol 35, No 1. pp108-127 :Reading Research Quarterly.
 
Petty, G (2009) Teaching today, a practical guide.  4th Ed. UK: Nelson Thorns

Turbill, J. (2003) Exploring the potential of the digital language experience approach

in Australian classrooms. Vol 6, No7 (4 June 2007) [Online]

http://www.readingonline.org/international/inter_index.asp?HREF=turbill7/inde

x.html (Accessed 1.04.14)

 
Marsh, J. and Bearne, E. (2008) Moving Literacy on. Leicester: UKLA

 Figure 1. APP for Speaking and Listening

 Figure 2. Computing Progress Tracker

Week 12: Module Reflections

Prior to this module I was sceptical towards using ICT within literacy lessons, as being an English specialist  I felt my lack of confidence and understanding on how to effectively use such technologies would be a potential barrier to children’s learning (FutureLab 2010). My love of literacy and passion for reading also meant that I had reservations against using multimodal texts as I most enjoy reading when it is of a book, not on-screen. However, this module has not only increased my confidence with using ICT in literacy, but has broadened my opinion on using multiliteracies, multimedia and technology in the primary classroom.
One of the goals I aim to achieve during my career is to one day become an English subject leader, which I feel this module has helped me prepare for in terms of my awareness of the impact of technology on literacy, as well as providing me with ideas for suitable strategies and multiliteracies that can work effectively and successfully. There are a range of conflicting arguments regarding the use of technologies within literacy lessons, highlighted throughout this module. All of which would have to be considered with scrutiny by an English subject leader.
Firstly, this module highlighted something very significant to me: the changing face of literacy (Dean, 2010). Dean (2010) argues that there is more to being literate today than the ability to read and write, implying that being literate also means being able to use and interpret different forms of media such as film, and emailing. Agreeing with this is Merchant (2007, pp. 1) who explains that as a result of this, schools must ‘equip children for the literacy of the future’, by helping them to develop a fluency in ‘digital literacy’ as well as in its traditional forms. Bearing this in mind, an English subject leader would need to consider how to address these new forms of literacy in order to meet the demands of today’s young people (Evans, 2005) whilst still conforming to the more traditional aspects of the national curriculum.
As a result of the changes regarding the definition of literacy, this module has brought to light many positive views and strengths of using multimodal texts within the literacy curriculum. As an English subject leader, it is argued there would be many benefits of implementing the use of multimodal texts in literacy to support reading and writing. One of the main strengths being the familiarity of children with texts on-screen and on paper of which merge pictures, words and sound (Bearne and Wolstencroft, 2007). Both Stafford (2009) and Millard and Marsh (2001) agree that provided a suitable comic or graphic novel is chosen then this form of multimodal text can be used to motivate and engage children who are less interested in reading. Furthermore, it could be argued that by reading multimodal texts children are experimenting with reading other types of texts (DfES,2006). In addition, the use of multimodal texts conforms to the national curriculum as they can encourage children to identify and discuss themes and conventions in and across a wide range of writing (DfE, 2013).
Having discussed and read relevant literature on the debates around popular culture in the classroom, it would be beneficial to consider the positive implications of introducing popular culture into literacy lessons as the English subject leader. Marsh, Brooks, Hughes, Ritchie, Roberts and Wright (2005, pp. 13) state that ‘young children’s use of popular culture, media and new technologies is of central importance in the provision of educational, social and cultural experiences that are appropriate to children in contemporary societies.’ With this in mind, as English subject leader it would be my responsibility to encourage teachers to find out about, show interest in and appreciate children’s interests in an attempt to make school more meaningful for their pupils (Evans, 2005).
A further implication as English subject leader would be to take into account the negative views that may arise by incorporating new technologies and popular culture into the literacy curriculum. Lambirth (2003) found that many teachers were against using popular culture in class with the view that: “they get enough of that at home”, and so to avoid disputes the correct balance between new types of literacy and the old must be established. Marsh et al (2005 pp. 5) emphasise this believing that it is possible for children to live well balanced lives with ‘popular culture, media and new technologies playing an important, but not overwhelming role’.
Finally, this module has highlighted one of the major concerns regarding using more ICT within the curriculum; this being the level of teacher confidence and knowledge in using ICT in comparison to children who are now known as ‘digital natives’ (Future Lab, 2010; Prensky, 2001; Palfrey and Gasser, 2008). As English subject leader it would be important to liaise with the ICT subject leader in order to provide staff with adequate training in order to be able to confidently and effectively use the technologies to their full learning potentials.
This informative and enjoyable module has put into perspective the impact of technology on literacy, linking theory with practice. Through undertaking work with various digital literacies during seminars and with children during the school visits, this module has demonstrated how effective the use of new technologies can be in extending children’s learning and providing them with new opportunities (Waller, 2008), as well as highlighting the implications and potential barriers of using such technologies and multiliteracies in the classroom.

 

 

Bearne, E. and Wolstencroft, H. (2007) Visual Approaches to Teaching Writing- Multimodal Literacy 5-11 London: Paul Chapman Publishing

Dean (2010) Rethinking Literacy in: Bazalgette, C. (ed). ‘Teaching Media in Primary Schools’ London: Sage publications Ltd

DfE (2013) The National Curriculum in England: Framework Document [online] https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/210969/NC_framework_document_-_FINAL.pdf (accessed 31/03/14)

DfES (2006) PNS Primary Framework for Literacy [online] at: http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/pdfs/2006-primary-national-strategy.pdf  (accessed 29/03/14)
Evans, J. (2005) Literacy Moves On: Popular culture, new technologies and critical literacies in the elementary classroom Portsmouth: Heinemann

FutureLab (2010) Digital Literacy Across the Curriculum (Sections 3.1-3.4 Digital Literacy in Practice) http://www2.futurelab.org.uk/resources/documents/handbooks/digital_literacy.pdf (29/03/14)

Lambirth, A. (2003) ‘”They get enough of that at home”: Understanding aversion to popular cultures in schools’ Reading 37(1) pp.9-13 (pdf on LN)

Marsh, J. Brooks,G. Hughes,J. Ritchie, L. Roberts, S. Wright, K (2005) Digital beginnings: Young children’s use of popular culture, media and new Technologies University of Sheffield (Section 2.10 p.46; Sections 3.2 & 3.3 p48/49)

Merchant, G. (2007) Writing the future in the digital age Literacy 41 (3)pp118-128
Millard and Marsh (2001) 'Sending Minnie the Minx Home: comics and reading choices' Cambridge Journal of Education, 31:1, 25 - 38 (pdf)

Palfrey, J. and Gasser, U. (2008) Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives New York: Basic Books

Prensky, M. (2001) ‘Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, Part  II: Do They Really Think Differently?’ in On the Horizon 9 (6) (pdf on LN)

Stafford, T (2009) ‘Teaching Comics’ in Duncan, D. (2009) Teaching Children’s Literature: Making stories work in the classroom  Abingdon:Routledge (pdf)

Waller, T. (2008) ‘ICT and Literacy’ in: Marsh and Hallet (eds) Desirable Literacies: Approaches to Language and Literacy in the Early Years London: SAGE Publications Ltd